AustralieFrV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 001811

Reproducibility and variability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in cerebral small vessel disease

Identifieur interne : 001811 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001810; suivant : 001812

Reproducibility and variability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in cerebral small vessel disease

Auteurs : François De Guio [France] ; Eric Jouvent [France] ; Geert Jan Biessels [Pays-Bas] ; Sandra E. Black [Canada] ; Carol Brayne [Royaume-Uni] ; Christopher Chen [Singapour] ; Charlotte Cordonnier [France] ; Frank-Eric De Leeuw [Pays-Bas] ; Martin Dichgans [Allemagne] ; Fergus Doubal [Royaume-Uni] ; Marco Duering [Allemagne] ; Carole Dufouil [France] ; Emrah Duzel [Allemagne] ; Franz Fazekas [Autriche] ; Vladimir Hachinski [Canada] ; M Arfan Ikram [Pays-Bas] ; Jennifer Linn [Allemagne] ; Paul M. Matthews [Royaume-Uni] ; Bernard Mazoyer [France] ; Vincent Mok [République populaire de Chine] ; Bo Norrving [Suède] ; John T. O Rien [Royaume-Uni] ; Leonardo Pantoni [Italie] ; Stefan Ropele [Autriche] ; Perminder Sachdev [Australie] ; Reinhold Schmidt [Autriche] ; Sudha Seshadri [États-Unis] ; Eric E. Smith [Canada] ; Luciano A. Sposato [Canada] ; Blossom Stephan [Royaume-Uni] ; Richard H. Swartz [Canada] ; Christophe Tzourio [France] ; Mark Van Buchem [Pays-Bas] ; Aad Van Der Lugt [Pays-Bas] ; Robert Van Oostenbrugge [Pays-Bas] ; Meike W. Vernooij [Pays-Bas] ; Anand Viswanathan [États-Unis] ; David Werring [Royaume-Uni] ; Frank Wollenweber [Allemagne] ; Joanna M. Wardlaw [Royaume-Uni] ; Hugues Chabriat [France]

Source :

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism [ 0271-678X ] ; 2016.

RBID : PMC:4976752

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Encéphale (), Encéphale (imagerie diagnostique), Humains, Imagerie par résonance magnétique (), Maladies des petits vaisseaux cérébraux (imagerie diagnostique), Marqueurs biologiques (analyse), Microvaisseaux (imagerie diagnostique), Reproductibilité des résultats, Traitement d'image par ordinateur ().
MESH :
- analyse : Marqueurs biologiques.
- imagerie diagnostique : Encéphale, Maladies des petits vaisseaux cérébraux, Microvaisseaux.
- Encéphale, Humains, Imagerie par résonance magnétique, Reproductibilité des résultats, Traitement d'image par ordinateur.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Biomarkers (analysis), Brain (blood supply), Brain (diagnostic imaging), Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases (diagnostic imaging), Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (methods), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (methods), Microvessels (diagnostic imaging), Reproducibility of Results.
MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Biomarkers.
- blood supply : Brain.
- diagnostic imaging : Brain, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases, Microvessels.
- methods : Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
- Humans, Reproducibility of Results.

Abstract

Brain imaging is essential for the diagnosis and characterization of cerebral small vessel disease. Several magnetic resonance imaging markers have therefore emerged, providing new information on the diagnosis, progression, and mechanisms of small vessel disease. Yet, the reproducibility of these small vessel disease markers has received little attention despite being widely used in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. This review focuses on the main small vessel disease-related markers on magnetic resonance imaging including: white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, dilated perivascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain volume. The aim is to summarize, for each marker, what is currently known about: (1) its reproducibility in studies with a scan–rescan procedure either in single or multicenter settings; (2) the acquisition-related sources of variability; and, (3) the techniques used to minimize this variability. Based on the results, we discuss technical and other challenges that need to be overcome in order for these markers to be reliably used as outcome measures in future clinical trials. We also highlight the key points that need to be considered when designing multicenter magnetic resonance imaging studies of small vessel disease.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4976752

DOI: 10.1177/0271678X16647396
PubMed: 27170700
PubMed Central: 4976752

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Chen, Christopher" sort="Chen, Christopher" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Christopher" last="Chen">Christopher Chen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cordonnier, Charlotte" sort="Cordonnier, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cordonnier C" first="Charlotte" last="Cordonnier">Charlotte Cordonnier</name>
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<author><name sortKey="De Leeuw, Frank Eric" sort="De Leeuw, Frank Eric" uniqKey="De Leeuw F" first="Frank-Eric" last="De Leeuw">Frank-Eric De Leeuw</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff11-0271678X16647396">Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Doubal, Fergus" sort="Doubal, Fergus" uniqKey="Doubal F" first="Fergus" last="Doubal">Fergus Doubal</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Duering, Marco" sort="Duering, Marco" uniqKey="Duering M" first="Marco" last="Duering">Marco Duering</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10-0271678X16647396">Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hachinski, Vladimir" sort="Hachinski, Vladimir" uniqKey="Hachinski V" first="Vladimir" last="Hachinski">Vladimir Hachinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
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<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Ikram, M Arfan" sort="Ikram, M Arfan" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="M Arfan" last="Ikram">M Arfan Ikram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff17-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Linn, Jennifer" sort="Linn, Jennifer" uniqKey="Linn J" first="Jennifer" last="Linn">Jennifer Linn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19-0271678X16647396">Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Matthews, Paul M" sort="Matthews, Paul M" uniqKey="Matthews P" first="Paul M" last="Matthews">Paul M. Matthews</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Mazoyer, Bernard" sort="Mazoyer, Bernard" uniqKey="Mazoyer B" first="Bernard" last="Mazoyer">Bernard Mazoyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff21-0271678X16647396">CNRS-CEA UMR5296, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS-CEA UMR5296, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mok, Vincent" sort="Mok, Vincent" uniqKey="Mok V" first="Vincent" last="Mok">Vincent Mok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff22-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norrving, Bo" sort="Norrving, Bo" uniqKey="Norrving B" first="Bo" last="Norrving">Bo Norrving</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Rien, John T" sort="O Rien, John T" uniqKey="O Rien J" first="John T" last="O Rien">John T. O Rien</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24-0271678X16647396">Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pantoni, Leonardo" sort="Pantoni, Leonardo" uniqKey="Pantoni L" first="Leonardo" last="Pantoni">Leonardo Pantoni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25-0271678X16647396">Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Florence</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ropele, Stefan" sort="Ropele, Stefan" uniqKey="Ropele S" first="Stefan" last="Ropele">Stefan Ropele</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sachdev, Perminder" sort="Sachdev, Perminder" uniqKey="Sachdev P" first="Perminder" last="Sachdev">Perminder Sachdev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff26-0271678X16647396">Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seshadri, Sudha" sort="Seshadri, Sudha" uniqKey="Seshadri S" first="Sudha" last="Seshadri">Sudha Seshadri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff27-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Eric E" sort="Smith, Eric E" uniqKey="Smith E" first="Eric E" last="Smith">Eric E. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff28-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Calgary</settlement>
<region type="state">Alberta</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sposato, Luciano A" sort="Sposato, Luciano A" uniqKey="Sposato L" first="Luciano A" last="Sposato">Luciano A. Sposato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stephan, Blossom" sort="Stephan, Blossom" uniqKey="Stephan B" first="Blossom" last="Stephan">Blossom Stephan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29-0271678X16647396">Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swartz, Richard H" sort="Swartz, Richard H" uniqKey="Swartz R" first="Richard H" last="Swartz">Richard H. Swartz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tzourio, Christophe" sort="Tzourio, Christophe" uniqKey="Tzourio C" first="Christophe" last="Tzourio">Christophe Tzourio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13-0271678X16647396">Inserm UMR897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France </nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Inserm UMR897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Buchem, Mark" sort="Van Buchem, Mark" uniqKey="Van Buchem M" first="Mark" last="Van Buchem">Mark Van Buchem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Lugt, Aad" sort="Van Der Lugt, Aad" uniqKey="Van Der Lugt A" first="Aad" last="Van Der Lugt">Aad Van Der Lugt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff17-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Oostenbrugge, Robert" sort="Van Oostenbrugge, Robert" uniqKey="Van Oostenbrugge R" first="Robert" last="Van Oostenbrugge">Robert Van Oostenbrugge</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maastricht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vernooij, Meike W" sort="Vernooij, Meike W" uniqKey="Vernooij M" first="Meike W" last="Vernooij">Meike W. Vernooij</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff17-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viswanathan, Anand" sort="Viswanathan, Anand" uniqKey="Viswanathan A" first="Anand" last="Viswanathan">Anand Viswanathan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff32-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Werring, David" sort="Werring, David" uniqKey="Werring D" first="David" last="Werring">David Werring</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff33-0271678X16647396">Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Group, UCL, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Group, UCL, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wollenweber, Frank" sort="Wollenweber, Frank" uniqKey="Wollenweber F" first="Frank" last="Wollenweber">Frank Wollenweber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10-0271678X16647396">Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wardlaw, Joanna M" sort="Wardlaw, Joanna M" uniqKey="Wardlaw J" first="Joanna M" last="Wardlaw">Joanna M. Wardlaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff12-0271678X16647396">Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK </nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff34-0271678X16647396">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chabriat, Hugues" sort="Chabriat, Hugues" uniqKey="Chabriat H" first="Hugues" last="Chabriat">Hugues Chabriat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1-0271678X16647396">University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2-0271678X16647396">DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reproducibility and variability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in cerebral small vessel disease</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Guio, Francois" sort="De Guio, Francois" uniqKey="De Guio F" first="François" last="De Guio">François De Guio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1-0271678X16647396">University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2-0271678X16647396">DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jouvent, Eric" sort="Jouvent, Eric" uniqKey="Jouvent E" first="Eric" last="Jouvent">Eric Jouvent</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1-0271678X16647396">University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2-0271678X16647396">DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Biessels, Geert Jan" sort="Biessels, Geert Jan" uniqKey="Biessels G" first="Geert Jan" last="Biessels">Geert Jan Biessels</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Black, Sandra E" sort="Black, Sandra E" uniqKey="Black S" first="Sandra E" last="Black">Sandra E. Black</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brayne, Carol" sort="Brayne, Carol" uniqKey="Brayne C" first="Carol" last="Brayne">Carol Brayne</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6-0271678X16647396">Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cambridge</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Christopher" sort="Chen, Christopher" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Christopher" last="Chen">Christopher Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff7-0271678X16647396">Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université nationale de Singapour</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cordonnier, Charlotte" sort="Cordonnier, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cordonnier C" first="Charlotte" last="Cordonnier">Charlotte Cordonnier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff8-0271678X16647396">University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm U1171, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm U1171, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Leeuw, Frank Eric" sort="De Leeuw, Frank Eric" uniqKey="De Leeuw F" first="Frank-Eric" last="De Leeuw">Frank-Eric De Leeuw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9-0271678X16647396">Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement>
<region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dichgans, Martin" sort="Dichgans, Martin" uniqKey="Dichgans M" first="Martin" last="Dichgans">Martin Dichgans</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10-0271678X16647396">Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff11-0271678X16647396">Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Doubal, Fergus" sort="Doubal, Fergus" uniqKey="Doubal F" first="Fergus" last="Doubal">Fergus Doubal</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff12-0271678X16647396">Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK </nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duering, Marco" sort="Duering, Marco" uniqKey="Duering M" first="Marco" last="Duering">Marco Duering</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10-0271678X16647396">Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dufouil, Carole" sort="Dufouil, Carole" uniqKey="Dufouil C" first="Carole" last="Dufouil">Carole Dufouil</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13-0271678X16647396">Inserm UMR897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France </nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Inserm UMR897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duzel, Emrah" sort="Duzel, Emrah" uniqKey="Duzel E" first="Emrah" last="Duzel">Emrah Duzel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff14-0271678X16647396">Department of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Saxe-Anhalt</region>
<settlement type="city">Magdebourg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fazekas, Franz" sort="Fazekas, Franz" uniqKey="Fazekas F" first="Franz" last="Fazekas">Franz Fazekas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hachinski, Vladimir" sort="Hachinski, Vladimir" uniqKey="Hachinski V" first="Vladimir" last="Hachinski">Vladimir Hachinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikram, M Arfan" sort="Ikram, M Arfan" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="M Arfan" last="Ikram">M Arfan Ikram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff17-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Linn, Jennifer" sort="Linn, Jennifer" uniqKey="Linn J" first="Jennifer" last="Linn">Jennifer Linn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff19-0271678X16647396">Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, Paul M" sort="Matthews, Paul M" uniqKey="Matthews P" first="Paul M" last="Matthews">Paul M. Matthews</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazoyer, Bernard" sort="Mazoyer, Bernard" uniqKey="Mazoyer B" first="Bernard" last="Mazoyer">Bernard Mazoyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff21-0271678X16647396">CNRS-CEA UMR5296, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS-CEA UMR5296, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Mok, Vincent" sort="Mok, Vincent" uniqKey="Mok V" first="Vincent" last="Mok">Vincent Mok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff22-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université chinoise de Hong Kong</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sha Tin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Norrving, Bo" sort="Norrving, Bo" uniqKey="Norrving B" first="Bo" last="Norrving">Bo Norrving</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff23-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Rien, John T" sort="O Rien, John T" uniqKey="O Rien J" first="John T" last="O Rien">John T. O Rien</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff24-0271678X16647396">Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pantoni, Leonardo" sort="Pantoni, Leonardo" uniqKey="Pantoni L" first="Leonardo" last="Pantoni">Leonardo Pantoni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff25-0271678X16647396">Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Florence</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ropele, Stefan" sort="Ropele, Stefan" uniqKey="Ropele S" first="Stefan" last="Ropele">Stefan Ropele</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sachdev, Perminder" sort="Sachdev, Perminder" uniqKey="Sachdev P" first="Perminder" last="Sachdev">Perminder Sachdev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff26-0271678X16647396">Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Graz</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Seshadri, Sudha" sort="Seshadri, Sudha" uniqKey="Seshadri S" first="Sudha" last="Seshadri">Sudha Seshadri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff27-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Eric E" sort="Smith, Eric E" uniqKey="Smith E" first="Eric E" last="Smith">Eric E. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff28-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Calgary</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Calgary</settlement>
<region type="state">Alberta</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sposato, Luciano A" sort="Sposato, Luciano A" uniqKey="Sposato L" first="Luciano A" last="Sposato">Luciano A. Sposato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff16-0271678X16647396">Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stephan, Blossom" sort="Stephan, Blossom" uniqKey="Stephan B" first="Blossom" last="Stephan">Blossom Stephan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff29-0271678X16647396">Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University Institute of Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Newcastle</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swartz, Richard H" sort="Swartz, Richard H" uniqKey="Swartz R" first="Richard H" last="Swartz">Richard H. Swartz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5-0271678X16647396">Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tzourio, Christophe" sort="Tzourio, Christophe" uniqKey="Tzourio C" first="Christophe" last="Tzourio">Christophe Tzourio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13-0271678X16647396">Inserm UMR897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France </nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Inserm UMR897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Buchem, Mark" sort="Van Buchem, Mark" uniqKey="Van Buchem M" first="Mark" last="Van Buchem">Mark Van Buchem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff30-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Leyde</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Lugt, Aad" sort="Van Der Lugt, Aad" uniqKey="Van Der Lugt A" first="Aad" last="Van Der Lugt">Aad Van Der Lugt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff17-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Oostenbrugge, Robert" sort="Van Oostenbrugge, Robert" uniqKey="Van Oostenbrugge R" first="Robert" last="Van Oostenbrugge">Robert Van Oostenbrugge</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff31-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Maastricht</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vernooij, Meike W" sort="Vernooij, Meike W" uniqKey="Vernooij M" first="Meike W" last="Vernooij">Meike W. Vernooij</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff17-0271678X16647396">Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viswanathan, Anand" sort="Viswanathan, Anand" uniqKey="Viswanathan A" first="Anand" last="Viswanathan">Anand Viswanathan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff32-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Werring, David" sort="Werring, David" uniqKey="Werring D" first="David" last="Werring">David Werring</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff33-0271678X16647396">Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Group, UCL, London, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Stroke Research Group, UCL, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wollenweber, Frank" sort="Wollenweber, Frank" uniqKey="Wollenweber F" first="Frank" last="Wollenweber">Frank Wollenweber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10-0271678X16647396">Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Munich</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wardlaw, Joanna M" sort="Wardlaw, Joanna M" uniqKey="Wardlaw J" first="Joanna M" last="Wardlaw">Joanna M. Wardlaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff12-0271678X16647396">Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK </nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff34-0271678X16647396">Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
<settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chabriat, Hugues" sort="Chabriat, Hugues" uniqKey="Chabriat H" first="Hugues" last="Chabriat">Hugues Chabriat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1-0271678X16647396">University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1161 INSERM, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2-0271678X16647396">DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DHU NeuroVasc, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3-0271678X16647396">Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0271-678X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1559-7016</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers (analysis)</term>
<term>Brain (blood supply)</term>
<term>Brain (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (methods)</term>
<term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (methods)</term>
<term>Microvessels (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Reproducibility of Results</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Encéphale ()</term>
<term>Encéphale (imagerie diagnostique)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique ()</term>
<term>Maladies des petits vaisseaux cérébraux (imagerie diagnostique)</term>
<term>Marqueurs biologiques (analyse)</term>
<term>Microvaisseaux (imagerie diagnostique)</term>
<term>Reproductibilité des résultats</term>
<term>Traitement d'image par ordinateur ()</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Biomarkers</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Marqueurs biologiques</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood supply" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic imaging" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain</term>
<term>Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases</term>
<term>Microvessels</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="imagerie diagnostique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Encéphale</term>
<term>Maladies des petits vaisseaux cérébraux</term>
<term>Microvaisseaux</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</term>
<term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term>
<term>Reproducibility of Results</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Encéphale</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term>
<term>Reproductibilité des résultats</term>
<term>Traitement d'image par ordinateur</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Brain imaging is essential for the diagnosis and characterization of cerebral small vessel disease. Several magnetic resonance imaging markers have therefore emerged, providing new information on the diagnosis, progression, and mechanisms of small vessel disease. Yet, the reproducibility of these small vessel disease markers has received little attention despite being widely used in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. This review focuses on the main small vessel disease-related markers on magnetic resonance imaging including: white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, dilated perivascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain volume. The aim is to summarize, for each marker, what is currently known about: (1) its reproducibility in studies with a scan–rescan procedure either in single or multicenter settings; (2) the acquisition-related sources of variability; and, (3) the techniques used to minimize this variability. Based on the results, we discuss technical and other challenges that need to be overcome in order for these markers to be reliably used as outcome measures in future clinical trials. We also highlight the key points that need to be considered when designing multicenter magnetic resonance imaging studies of small vessel disease.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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<li>Munich</li>
<li>Nimègue</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Rotterdam</li>
<li>Sha Tin</li>
<li>Sydney</li>
<li>Toronto</li>
<li>Utrecht</li>
<li>Édimbourg</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</li>
<li>Université chinoise de Hong Kong</li>
<li>Université d'Édimbourg</li>
<li>Université de Calgary</li>
<li>Université de Cambridge</li>
<li>Université de Toronto</li>
<li>Université nationale de Singapour</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="De Guio, Francois" sort="De Guio, Francois" uniqKey="De Guio F" first="François" last="De Guio">François De Guio</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Chabriat, Hugues" sort="Chabriat, Hugues" uniqKey="Chabriat H" first="Hugues" last="Chabriat">Hugues Chabriat</name>
<name sortKey="Chabriat, Hugues" sort="Chabriat, Hugues" uniqKey="Chabriat H" first="Hugues" last="Chabriat">Hugues Chabriat</name>
<name sortKey="Chabriat, Hugues" sort="Chabriat, Hugues" uniqKey="Chabriat H" first="Hugues" last="Chabriat">Hugues Chabriat</name>
<name sortKey="Cordonnier, Charlotte" sort="Cordonnier, Charlotte" uniqKey="Cordonnier C" first="Charlotte" last="Cordonnier">Charlotte Cordonnier</name>
<name sortKey="De Guio, Francois" sort="De Guio, Francois" uniqKey="De Guio F" first="François" last="De Guio">François De Guio</name>
<name sortKey="Dufouil, Carole" sort="Dufouil, Carole" uniqKey="Dufouil C" first="Carole" last="Dufouil">Carole Dufouil</name>
<name sortKey="Jouvent, Eric" sort="Jouvent, Eric" uniqKey="Jouvent E" first="Eric" last="Jouvent">Eric Jouvent</name>
<name sortKey="Jouvent, Eric" sort="Jouvent, Eric" uniqKey="Jouvent E" first="Eric" last="Jouvent">Eric Jouvent</name>
<name sortKey="Jouvent, Eric" sort="Jouvent, Eric" uniqKey="Jouvent E" first="Eric" last="Jouvent">Eric Jouvent</name>
<name sortKey="Mazoyer, Bernard" sort="Mazoyer, Bernard" uniqKey="Mazoyer B" first="Bernard" last="Mazoyer">Bernard Mazoyer</name>
<name sortKey="Tzourio, Christophe" sort="Tzourio, Christophe" uniqKey="Tzourio C" first="Christophe" last="Tzourio">Christophe Tzourio</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Biessels, Geert Jan" sort="Biessels, Geert Jan" uniqKey="Biessels G" first="Geert Jan" last="Biessels">Geert Jan Biessels</name>
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<name sortKey="De Leeuw, Frank Eric" sort="De Leeuw, Frank Eric" uniqKey="De Leeuw F" first="Frank-Eric" last="De Leeuw">Frank-Eric De Leeuw</name>
<name sortKey="Ikram, M Arfan" sort="Ikram, M Arfan" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="M Arfan" last="Ikram">M Arfan Ikram</name>
<name sortKey="Ikram, M Arfan" sort="Ikram, M Arfan" uniqKey="Ikram M" first="M Arfan" last="Ikram">M Arfan Ikram</name>
<name sortKey="Van Buchem, Mark" sort="Van Buchem, Mark" uniqKey="Van Buchem M" first="Mark" last="Van Buchem">Mark Van Buchem</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Lugt, Aad" sort="Van Der Lugt, Aad" uniqKey="Van Der Lugt A" first="Aad" last="Van Der Lugt">Aad Van Der Lugt</name>
<name sortKey="Van Oostenbrugge, Robert" sort="Van Oostenbrugge, Robert" uniqKey="Van Oostenbrugge R" first="Robert" last="Van Oostenbrugge">Robert Van Oostenbrugge</name>
<name sortKey="Vernooij, Meike W" sort="Vernooij, Meike W" uniqKey="Vernooij M" first="Meike W" last="Vernooij">Meike W. Vernooij</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><region name="Ontario"><name sortKey="Black, Sandra E" sort="Black, Sandra E" uniqKey="Black S" first="Sandra E" last="Black">Sandra E. Black</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Hachinski, Vladimir" sort="Hachinski, Vladimir" uniqKey="Hachinski V" first="Vladimir" last="Hachinski">Vladimir Hachinski</name>
<name sortKey="Smith, Eric E" sort="Smith, Eric E" uniqKey="Smith E" first="Eric E" last="Smith">Eric E. Smith</name>
<name sortKey="Sposato, Luciano A" sort="Sposato, Luciano A" uniqKey="Sposato L" first="Luciano A" last="Sposato">Luciano A. Sposato</name>
<name sortKey="Swartz, Richard H" sort="Swartz, Richard H" uniqKey="Swartz R" first="Richard H" last="Swartz">Richard H. Swartz</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brayne, Carol" sort="Brayne, Carol" uniqKey="Brayne C" first="Carol" last="Brayne">Carol Brayne</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Doubal, Fergus" sort="Doubal, Fergus" uniqKey="Doubal F" first="Fergus" last="Doubal">Fergus Doubal</name>
<name sortKey="Matthews, Paul M" sort="Matthews, Paul M" uniqKey="Matthews P" first="Paul M" last="Matthews">Paul M. Matthews</name>
<name sortKey="O Rien, John T" sort="O Rien, John T" uniqKey="O Rien J" first="John T" last="O Rien">John T. O Rien</name>
<name sortKey="Stephan, Blossom" sort="Stephan, Blossom" uniqKey="Stephan B" first="Blossom" last="Stephan">Blossom Stephan</name>
<name sortKey="Wardlaw, Joanna M" sort="Wardlaw, Joanna M" uniqKey="Wardlaw J" first="Joanna M" last="Wardlaw">Joanna M. Wardlaw</name>
<name sortKey="Wardlaw, Joanna M" sort="Wardlaw, Joanna M" uniqKey="Wardlaw J" first="Joanna M" last="Wardlaw">Joanna M. Wardlaw</name>
<name sortKey="Werring, David" sort="Werring, David" uniqKey="Werring D" first="David" last="Werring">David Werring</name>
</country>
<country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Christopher" sort="Chen, Christopher" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Christopher" last="Chen">Christopher Chen</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bavière"><name sortKey="Dichgans, Martin" sort="Dichgans, Martin" uniqKey="Dichgans M" first="Martin" last="Dichgans">Martin Dichgans</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Dichgans, Martin" sort="Dichgans, Martin" uniqKey="Dichgans M" first="Martin" last="Dichgans">Martin Dichgans</name>
<name sortKey="Duering, Marco" sort="Duering, Marco" uniqKey="Duering M" first="Marco" last="Duering">Marco Duering</name>
<name sortKey="Duzel, Emrah" sort="Duzel, Emrah" uniqKey="Duzel E" first="Emrah" last="Duzel">Emrah Duzel</name>
<name sortKey="Linn, Jennifer" sort="Linn, Jennifer" uniqKey="Linn J" first="Jennifer" last="Linn">Jennifer Linn</name>
<name sortKey="Wollenweber, Frank" sort="Wollenweber, Frank" uniqKey="Wollenweber F" first="Frank" last="Wollenweber">Frank Wollenweber</name>
</country>
<country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fazekas, Franz" sort="Fazekas, Franz" uniqKey="Fazekas F" first="Franz" last="Fazekas">Franz Fazekas</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Ropele, Stefan" sort="Ropele, Stefan" uniqKey="Ropele S" first="Stefan" last="Ropele">Stefan Ropele</name>
<name sortKey="Schmidt, Reinhold" sort="Schmidt, Reinhold" uniqKey="Schmidt R" first="Reinhold" last="Schmidt">Reinhold Schmidt</name>
</country>
<country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mok, Vincent" sort="Mok, Vincent" uniqKey="Mok V" first="Vincent" last="Mok">Vincent Mok</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Norrving, Bo" sort="Norrving, Bo" uniqKey="Norrving B" first="Bo" last="Norrving">Bo Norrving</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pantoni, Leonardo" sort="Pantoni, Leonardo" uniqKey="Pantoni L" first="Leonardo" last="Pantoni">Leonardo Pantoni</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Sachdev, Perminder" sort="Sachdev, Perminder" uniqKey="Sachdev P" first="Perminder" last="Sachdev">Perminder Sachdev</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Seshadri, Sudha" sort="Seshadri, Sudha" uniqKey="Seshadri S" first="Sudha" last="Seshadri">Sudha Seshadri</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Viswanathan, Anand" sort="Viswanathan, Anand" uniqKey="Viswanathan A" first="Anand" last="Viswanathan">Anand Viswanathan</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Reproducibility and variability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in cerebral small vessel disease

Reproducibility and variability of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging markers in cerebral small vessel disease

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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